Madagascar's culture - week 12 - Julie De Vreese

Hey everyone,

This is our last week traveling and I intend to make it an unforgettable week. We are ending our trip in Madagascar, the fourth largest island in the world, off the coast of Southern Africa. Madagascar is a very interesting country culturally speaking, they have a lot of rituals and customs.

When we are walking through the streets, we notice that the clothing styles are a bit like western norms, men wear pants and shirts, women wear dresses or skirts. However, it’s normal for women to cover their clothes with a traditional wrap or ‘lamba’. They often use also an additional shawl to cover their shoulders and head. On special occasions they mostly wear white wraps over their clothes. They also wear straw hats.

As we are searching for a restaurant to eat, we find that they all serve rice, it’s the main ingredient here. It is accompanied by some form of ‘kabaka’, a protein dish like fish, meat or beans. In some places you can also ask for a ‘romazava’ or side dish, made of green leafy vegetables in broth. Generally they add flavour to the rice.

In Madagascar, 52% of the population holds indigenous beliefs, 41% are Christian and 7% are Muslim but they all have some rituals that are rather strange to us. For example, dead ancestors or ‘razana’ are very important here and they guide the living in making choices about everyday aspects. They build and maintain tombs and hold religious ceremonies for their ancestors, this is central to their way of life.

People often live and work far from these ancestral tombs but they all have a strong sentimental attachment and a desire to be buried in their natal tombs. These tombs are considered sacred places and there are a lot of them, most villages have a sacred tree or something like that nearby.

They think ancestral spirits as intermediaries between the living and their 2 most important gods. To them, the dead as very powerful and the most important members of the family, they affect the lives of the living.

As for their daily occupations, the art of making handcrafted objects is a growing market, internally as well as internationally. There is limited support due to the poor economic conditions, but there is a lot of interest for artisan goods. They are mainly made out of wood, leather, horn, metal, stone, clay, feathers, … and so on. Ideal souvenirs from our trip I would think so.

So this was my last blog, I hope you enjoyed it … I certainly did! Maybe until next year.

Julie xXx

Sources:
http://www.everyculture.com/Ja-Ma/Madagascar.html

Politics of Madagascar - week 12 - Roselinde Vandepitte

Hi bloggers

We came to the last country of our journey, Madagascar. As Melisa said, all beautiful songs come to an end. Unfortunately it really is our last week of travelling together.

Madagascar has a lot of interesting thing to talk about such as the wonderful nature and the many unique animal, but what about its politics?

Fortunately there were leaflets in the hotel. There was a lot of information about what you could visit in Madagascar but also a little page about the politics of this country.

Madagascar seems to be a semi-presidential representative democratic republic (such a word!). There is no king but a President who is the head of the state and the Prime Minister is the head of the government.

First it was the French and later the British who had Madagascar under their control. It was on the 26^th of June, 1960 that Madagascar became independent after a violent struggle.  Madagascar’s first president was Philibert Tsiranana. He was elected but already resigned 2 month later because of a massive anti-government demonstration. Richard Ratsimandrava took power afterwards but was assassinated 6 days later. It was in June 1975 when there finally was a new government under Didier Ratsiraka. Now it is Omer Berziky who is the prime minister of Madagascar.

The next presidential and parliamentary elections will be held in May 2012. They were planned to be held in May 2011 but had been postponed to September 2011 and are now in May 2012.

This was all I could find in the leaflet about the politics but it was someone of the group we travelled with who knew something more about how the elections are held. The president is elected by direct universal suffrage for a 5-year term. The President appoints the Prime Minister and it is the prime minister and the council of ministers, which have to carry out the management of the government.

It seems that Madagascar has a very complicated past concerning politics. So enough about it!

We've had a great adventure but I’m also glad to go home now, so I can finally sleep in my own bed again without all the irritating insects of Africa!

Sleep tight, will miss you all!

-XOXO-

Roselinde

Sources: http://www.mapsofworld.com/madagascar/government-and-politics/madagascar-politics.html

http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Africa/Madagascar-POLITICS-GOVERNMENT-AND-TAXATION.html

The economy of Madagascar -Week 12- Melisa Simoens

Hi there!

We had a wonderful time and saw a lot of beautiful countries where all of us have made nice memories. But all beautiful songs come to an end and so does our journey around the world. We have arrived in the last country of our journey, we are in Madagascar. But before we have to go home, we have still some days left to discover Madagascar so we better take advantage of them.

In my last blog I would like to learn you a bit more about the economy of Madagascar. If you want to learn more about the politics or the culture of Madagascar, you must read the blog of Julie and Roselinde. Madagascar is an archipelago of islands. More than 20 million people live here but Madagascar isn’t a rich country. Two thirds of the population lives below the international poverty line. That’s why we saw a lot of poverty while walking around. Since 2004, the IMF and the world bank enrolled  the country in a special program to set the country on his feet again. So poverty will stay the next few years the biggest challenge to Madagascar’s economy.

                                                                                                                      

Agriculture is very important for the economics of Madagascar, it’s the main source of income. When we went further than the city, we saw everywhere around us fields where local people cultivate coffee beans, rice, cotton, vanilla, sugar,… These are also the products Madagascar exports the most. Other economic activities are forestry and animal rearing. But animal rearing has rather a status symbol. The more animals you have, the more people think you are important. Despite this status symbol, animal rearing has hardly an economic value.  The last years the country also started developing his oil and gas sector, in the hope that it will help improve the poor economic situation.

Tourism is important too for the country. Madagascar tries to attract every year more and more tourists. Fortunately they can count on the help of some French chains of hotels who invest in luxury residences.

I enjoyed visiting Madagascar. Our last days were marvellous, just like all the others. It was fun to make this journey with the other five girls. We all had a wonderful time. But now it’s time to go home, where family and friends are itching to hear our spectacular stories!

Thank you for reading my blogs!

Xx Melisa

Sources: http://www.landenweb.net/madagaskar/economie/
              http://www.economywatch.com/world_economy/madagascar/

The tanzanian economy - week 11 - Romina Vanhove

Hello everyone!

We are visiting Tanzania, like Anou and Anneleen already mentioned. Tanzania is one of the world’s poorest countries based on UN statistics of 2009.

When I was reading the travel guide, I was shocked to learn that almost 36% of the 43,188,000 inhabitants live under the international poverty line, that’s about 16,000,000 people. That’s more than the whole population of our own country. So you see why I found it shocking?

The travel guide mentioned that the economy of Tanzania is highly dependent on agricultural productivity. And that this productivity accounts for almost 85% of the total exports and employs. Although, not every place in Tanzania is suitable for agriculture, nearly 90% of the land is not useful. The most of the agriculture takes place in the coastal plains.

Of course as in every country Tanzania also has a small industrial sector, that basically comprises food processing plants. I thought I had seen on some products “made in Tanzania” so I asked our guide about it and she said that there are also some consumer goods manufactured in the country, but that this amount is very small.

But of course not everything in the Tanzanian economy is bad. After the year 2000 the country has started investing in the mining sector because Tanzania has large deposits of gold and natural gas. This is one of the biggest assets of the country. Hopefully they can increase their wealth thanks those products.

Well this was my last blogpost, I hope you’ve enjoyed our trip and my view on things. Next week we’re finally in Madagascar! I wonder if we will see suricates, and other animals out of the movie Madagascar! Thank you for following us, and don’t forget to read our last three blogs, that are written by Melisa, Roselinde and Julie!

With Love

Romina

Source: http://www.economywatch.com/world_economy/tanzania/

Politics of Tanzania – Week 11 – Anneleen Coppens

First of all I would like to say that this journey was a once in a lifetime experience to me. I met so many kind people who were always willing to tell us more about their life and their families.

I think I never would have made this trip without my friends. We supported each other and everyone tried to keep up with our blog. This blog and everything we saw will be a beautiful memory.

So today I’m writing my last blog message. We continued traveling and this week we landed in Tanzania.

In this country the President is both head of state and head of government. He is elected by direct popular vote for five-year terms and so are the other members of the National Assembly.

Right now the President is Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete. I remember the article I read about him and it said launched the international year of cooperatives in Dar es Salaam on March 20th, 2012.

Cooperatives can showcase their activities on this exhibition.

The President of Tanzania appoints a prime minister and he also nominates ten non-elected members who can become cabinet members.

Here in Tanzania there’s only one party: the Chama Cha Mapinduzi. This party has all the power and every opposition party is considered having no chances.

Today we have put our money together and made an amazing trip with a helicopter. While we were sightseeing we listened to our guide.

He told us that Tanzania is divided into 30 regions: 25 on the mainland, 3 on Zanzibar and 2 on Zanzibar’s second isle.

The district councils act at local level and they’re also known as local government authorities. There are 99 districts and 114 councils operating in them.

We definitely had a ‘chill’ and relaxed day! The weather was favorable and the helicopter trip gave us a good breath of fresh air.

Have a good one!

Anneleen

Sources:

http://www.thecitizen.co.tz/about-tanzania.html?start=2

http://uncoopsnews.org/?p=402

The culture of Tanzania - Week 11 - Anou Christiaens

Hello everyone!

I’m back to tell you something more about the countries in our trip! Today we’re in Tanzania. Unfortunately this is the last time you can read my adventures during our trip. Our trip has almost come to an end. Because it’s the last time I write something, I wanted to write about something fun. That’s why I chose to write about the culture of this country.

We arrived here in the evening, so we were starving. A local woman gave us something that was called pilau. It was a spiced rice, potato and meat dish that is very traditional for this country. It was an enormous pile of food because it’s considered very shameful for guests to leave hungry. I can tell you one thing; I wasn’t hungry anymore after eating that much food!

When we were taking our tour around the country, we saw a certain type of house. Our guide told us that it was a Swahili house. It’s a rectangular structure made of stone on a wooden frame. This type of house is found all along the coast. We learned that each ethnic group has a unique traditional house, ranging from those rectangular houses to round, beehive-shaped houses.

One of the things you certainly know is Mount Kilimanjaro. It’s the highest peak in Africa, and the magnificent wild animals draw millions of tourists to the country every year. The landscape and animals are valued national treasures. They are symbolized on coins. We also travelled to Mount Kilimanjaro because it’s something that you must see. It was a wonderful experience and I advise everyone to travel there once in their life.

I hope that I’ve created an interest for this country. It’s a beautiful country with friendly inhabitants. You can read all about our last country, which is Madagascar, next week in the blogs of my dear friends Roselinde, Julie and Melisa.

Goodbye for now!

Xoxo Anou

Sources:

http://www.everyculture.com/Sa-Th/Tanzania.html

The politics of Congo - week 10 - Julie De Vreese

Hello everyone,

This week we are in the democratic republic of the Congo, a land in Central Africa as big as Western Europe. It’s a very poor land with a lot of troubles.

Congo is a presidential republic which means they have a president. As I use my travel guide, I read that in 1996, Laurent-Désiré Kabila was leader of the ADFL (Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo-Zaire) and he started the first Congo war, against Mobutu. In 1997 he succeeds and Mobutu flees in exile after which Kabila proclaimes himself president.

He is head of state as well as head of government. In 2006 there are free democratic elections for the first time in 40 years and more than 70% of the people actually vote. Kabila wins with 44.8% against Bemba but there has to be a second round because of clashes between militias loyal to the two candidates. Kabila wins again in the second round, this time with 58% and he is inaugurated in December 2006, to a five-year term.

However, when I skip the page I see that in January of 2001, Kabila is shot by one of his own bodyguards in a failed coup attempt. His son Joseph Kabila takes over and becomes the new president. He starts negotiating with several warring parties and the community and this results in December of 2002 in a peace agreement and a transitional government under the leadership of Joseph Kabila.

We hear from a local resident that for the moment, the situation in Congo is still bad. He says that there are over 6 million deaths caused by war, famine, poverty and disease since the 90’s. This is very weird, as I read that Congo has a lot of natural wealth like gold, diamonds, uranium and other minerals. But that is the economic side of Congo and if you are interested you have to read Roselinde’s blog.

Our trip is almost over but we still have 2 countries to go, so see you next time.

Julie xXx

Sources:
http://congoleaders.org/the-drc/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent-D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9_Kabila
http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2823.htm

Exploring the cultural life in Congo – Week 10- Melisa Simoens

Hello everyone!

Our new destination is Congo. For the moment we are staying in the heart of the country: Kinshasa, like Roselinde already said. French is the official language here but a lot of people speak local languages or dialects like Swahili or Lingala so it’s not always easy to understand the people.  

Something I quickly noticed is that religion is very important for the people here. More than 50 per cent of the population is Christian. This religion is very present in daily life. For example education and health care are strongly influenced by Christianity.

Family is very important for the Congolese population too. In contrast with us, people here have big families and a lot of children. So it’s not unusual that parents, children, grandparents, uncles and aunts live together in one house. We talked with Dalila, a young woman who got married a few days ago. She talked about her wedding day and we told her how weddings look like in Belgium. In former days, the family searched a partner for their children, nowadays arranged marriages are less common and especially in the cities. So people in Kinshasa are free to choose their own partner.

Congo is a beautiful country to visit because of its beautiful fauna and flora. And what’s the best way to see the fauna and flora at close quarters? By going on safari of course! And so we did. We saw a lot of palms, something typical for Congo but also red cedars, beautiful orchids, lilies etcetera. We saw a lot of animals too. Lions, elephants, giraffes, zebras, buffalos passed our jeep. We passed trees where a lot of monkeys like chimpanzees were playing with each other and lakes where crocodiles were sunbathing. It was a great experience!

After this unforgettable safari, we went to a little market where we bought some ingredients like fish, rice and cassava for a delicious dinner.  In Congo meat is too expensive because they have to import it or hunt it. That’s why people in Congo don’t eat a lot of meat. We bought some bananas and a pineapple too, the perfect dessert to end our day here in Kinshasa!

Read Julies and Roselindes blog too to learn more about our trip in Congo!

Kwa heri! (or bye)

Xx Melisa

Sources:  http://www.bloggen.be/congo/

The economics of Congo - week 10 - Roselinde Vandepitte

Hi everyone,

It seems that the end of our trip is coming closer… Travelling through Africa brought us In Congo this time. As Anou said, Melisa, Julie and I will guide you through our last country, but fortunately there are still two countries to go!

If I think about Congo, the first thought that comes to my mind is that this country is very poor. I took the travel guide and looked up some information. Since 1950 the economy of Congo has drastically declined. From 1965 through 1997, Mobutu and his associates stole billions of dollars from the Zairian (this was the name of Congo during the Cold War) economy. Because of this, the Zaire’s infrastructure crumbled. The economy began to recover in 2010 and the economy is expected to grow at around 6.5% over the next two years.

The growth in 2010 was strengthened by increased private consumption. Private investment also rose with more government efforts to repair the infrastructure.

We went to Kinshasa, located on the south bank of the Congo River because this is together with Lubumbashi Congo’s most important industrial region. These industries produce processed copper, zinc, refined petroleum, processed foods and beverages, and basic consumer goods such as clothing and footwear.

Our guide who took us with him told us more; oil production and forestry are the main economic activities of Congo. According to 2006, Congo has an oil reserve of approximately 1.5 billion bbl (billion barrels). The country's export earnings come almost entirely from sales of primary products.

It also seems that this nation is rich in natural resources such as diamonds, cobalt and copper. The different sectors of Congo are: agriculture, fishing, forestry and mining. Agriculture seems to be the most important source for this country. They cultivate coffee, palm oil, rubber, cotton, sugar, rice, maize, coffee, etc. The agriculture sector provides 66% of the work force.  The numerous rivers of Congo give an immense potential for producing hydroelectricity. Ok, I have talked too much, time to sleep!

With love,

Roselinde

source: http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Africa/Congo-Democratic-Republic-of-The-OVERVIEW-OF-ECONOMY.html

Politics of the Central African Republic - Week 9 - Anou Christiaens

Hello everyone!

We’re in the Central African Republic this week! Our trip between countries wasn’t that long because the Central African Republic is situated right next to Chad, like you can see on the map. One of the official languages here is French, so it was easy for us to communicate with the inhabitants of this country. Today I’m going to tell you something more about the politics of this country.

 CAR is a republic and has a president. The president is François Bozizé. He became president in May 2005. Before he became president he was the Chief of Staff of the armed forces. At first he became president after a coup against the former president in 2003. But two years later they held an election and François Bozizé was elected president by the people of CAR.

Our guide knew a lot about the politics of the country. I asked him if he could tell me something about it. He told us that the country is divided into 16 prefectures for administrative purposes. Those 16 prefectures are further divided into 60 sub prefectures. The president appoints heads of these administrative units. I was stunned about that amount. In my opinion, the political system is even more confusing than in Belgium!

The currency here is the same as in Chad, which was very convenient because we didn’t have to exchange our money. The money is used in six independent states in Central Africa. And we’re in luck because we can also use our money in our next country. The money is called CFA, which stands for Coopération financière en Afrique centrale. The coins look a bit like our euros in my opinion.

That was it for today. I hope you’ve learned a bit more about the politics of this country! I will be back next week to tell you something more about the culture of Tanzania. Unfortunately, Tanzania is our next to last country and the last country I will write about. But no worries, Roselinde, Julie and Melisa will tell you something more about our last country! So don’t forget to read it!

Talk to you soon!

Xoxo Anou

Sources:

http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/4007.htm

http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Africa/Central-African-Republic-POLITICS-GOVERNMENT-AND-TAXATION.html

Culture of the Central African Republic - Week 9 - Romina Vanhove

Hello Everyone!

Today we are in the Central African Republic. It’s truly very beautiful up here. No great luxury here, but we are discovering the true African life as it is. I’m sure that this will be our most unforgettable experience, however the war in Libya and all the other things we went through are also unforgettable.

In our traveling guide I read that, the Central African Republic doesn’t really have one big population like us Belgians, it has like 15 secondary urban centres that contain up to 30 000 inhabitants. Because the country is so divided, there are several languages that are spoken by the inhabitants. Though the majority of residents speak languages belonging to the Ubangian family. Though the official languages of the country are Sango and French. I see you wondering, French? Well yes, the Central African Republic long was a colonisation of France, so a lot of people there speak French.

People here still live in the typical houses as we imagined them. These houses are called dwellings, while we were visiting a rural village, the owner told us that the dwellings should be replaced frequently due to termites. The dwellings are made of sundried brick and thatched wild grass, in deep forest areas palm fronds are tiled on. In the past they used to use mud-and-wattle structures, but the French discouraged that. Dwellings are primarily used for storage and sleeping, however in the six-month dry and hot season in the savannah, it happens frequently that people sleep outdoors.

Well, this was the most important information on the culture of the Central African Republic. I’m wondering what will be next, but I’m sure this country will be one of my greatest memories! Talk to you later!

With love

Romina

Source: http://www.everyculture.com/Bo-Co/Central-African-Republic.html

Economy of the Central African Republic – Week 9 – Anneleen Coppens

Like Julie mentioned in her latest blog, Chad is a country surrounded by Libya, Sudan, the Central African Republic, Cameroon, Nigeria and Niger.

Since we already visited Chad and Libya, we decided to continue our journey to the Central African Republic.

Manioc

Here in CAR I met this kind African girl and she told me only 3% of this land is under cultivation. This surprised me because the overwhelming majority of the population here is engaged in agriculture. She showed us a plot of land her parents own and there was manioc, corn and also a few banana trees.

In 2010 they had a very good year and the economy finally recovered from the suffering of the global economic and financial crisis that broke out in 2008. The crises of the past two years made this country fragile.

Luckily the inhabitants are blessed with abundant natural resources such as diamonds, uranium, gold, mineral, timber, …

The most popular imported goods are food, textiles, petroleum products, machinery, electrical equipment, motor vehicles, chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Our country, Belgium, is together with France and the United States one of the chief trading partners of CAR. 

After a cup of thee she showed us a special stamp from her collection. It had Jean Bedel Bokassa on it, a symbol of the corruption that characterizes many African leaders.

He once ruled for 14 years and began nationalizing the industries. This resulted in a declining economy. Also the leaders that ruled after him showed CAR that they weren’t capable of managing the economy here.

The most gruesome thing she told us was the fact that Bokassa got accused of cannibalism by Amnesty International. He condemned opponents to death by public execution and then sometimes fed them to wild animals.

This story actually made my day a bit gloomy but I’m sure this feeling will pass once we discovered the cultural aspects!

Sleep tight,

Anneleen

Sources:

http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0857228.html

http://www.africaneconomicoutlook.org/en/countries/central-africa/central-african-republic/